2. These short objective type questions with answers are very important for Board exams as well as competitive exams. Who comes up with these daft questions? CAMPBELL STOKES SUNSHINE RECORDER Side 4 User Instructions Side 2 CAMPBELL STOKES SUNSHINE RECORDER User Instructions Side 3 2. The data can characterize different types of radiation: beam, diffuse, or total, Concentrating Solar Power: Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of Solar Resource Data, 2.2 Types and Elements of Concentrating Collectors ›, Lesson 1: Solar Energy Conversion and Utility Solar Power, 2.1 Available Solar Radiation and How It Is Measured, 2.2 Types and Elements of Concentrating Collectors, 2.4 Concentration with a Parabolic Reflector, 2.5 CPC Collectors - Concentration of Diffuse Radiation, Lesson 7: Concentrating Solar Power Technologies, Lesson 8: Concentrating Solar Power Strategies, Lesson 9: Energy Storage Technologies for Solar Systems, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, iMPS in Renewable Energy and Sustainability Policy Program Office, BA in Energy and Sustainability Policy Program Office, 2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, absorbed by particles and molecules in the atmosphere - 10-30%, reflected and scattered back to space - 2-11%, scattered to earth (direct radiation becomes diffuse) - 5-26% [Stine and Harrigan, 1986]. The device has two selenium photovoltaic cells, one of which is shaded, and the other is exposed to the available solar radiation. Sunshine is recorded with a simple, yet clever device, called a Campbell-Stokes recorder, the design of which goes back to 1879. There are two important types of instruments to measure solar radiation: Based on their design, the above listed instruments measure the beam radiation coming from the sun and a small portion of the sky around the sun. Type in the number here: Stoffel et al. (5) sunshine duration. Absorption occurs upon interaction of the radiation with certain molecules, such as ozone (absorption of short-wave radiation - ultraviolet), water vapor, and carbon dioxide (absorption of long-wave radiation - infrared). The following main losses should be noted: As a result, the direct radiation reaching the earth surface (or a device installed on the earth surface) never exceeds  83% of the original extraterrestrial energy flux. It can be placed on horizontal as well as on the inclined surface. Pyranometer It is an instrument which is designed to measure Global radiation. (3) light intensity. Different types of radiation at the earth surface: orange - short wave; blue - long wave. The energy output of the sun is measured in watts. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION A glass sphere is used to focus the Sun's rays to an intense spot in order to burn a trace on to a heat sensitive recording card. Short-wave radiation, in the wavelength range from 0.3 to 3 μm, comes directly from the sun. This produces a burn length that is proportional to the period of sunshine. This antique technology, called a Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder, is one of the simplest meteorological device that’s still in use today. Nautical Campbell Stokes Sunshine Recorder Scientific purposes. Credit: Mark Fedkin - modified after Duffie and Beckman, 2013. Sunshine recorder 96c Sunshine recorder 96d for use in latitudes 5° S to 45° N or 5° N to 45° S 25° N to 65° N or 25° S to 65° S Period of recording hours 14 18 Changing of cards daily daily Dimensions (mm)* 205 x 185 x 290 205 x 185 x 290 Weight (kg) 5,2 5,2 *depending from … Based on the experimental studies involving various pyrheliometer design, the contribution of the circumsolar sky to the beam is relatively negligible on a sunny day with clear skies. Describe how students would use a sunshine recorder to measure the amount of sunlight in The solar constant is defined as essentially the measure of the solar energy flux density perpendicular to the ray direction per unit are per unit time. There are pyranometers with thermocouple detectors and with photovoltaic detectors. This is a tropical pattern suitable for use in the latitudes 5 Degrees South to 45 Degrees North. A student makes the measurements at sites 1 – 5 in the ... (Insert) is a sunshine recorder. $185.49. The Pennsylvania State University © 2020. It was determined by comparing the sunshine duration recorded using a Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder with the actual direct solar irradiance. The effect of heat of the sun is used as recording medium. The John A. Dutton e-Education Institute is the learning design unit of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University. A pyranometer is used for measuring global radiation. Pyranometers are also used to measure solar radiation on inclined surfaces, which is important for estimating input to collectors. Examples of pyranometers are Eppley 180o or Eppley black-and-white pyranometers in the US and Moll-Gorczynsky pyranometer in Europe. Solar Energy Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for competitive exams. 1.Sunshine recorder is mainly used to measure (1) day length. Please send comments or suggestions on accessibility to the site editor. Pyranometers are also used to measure solar radiation on inclined surfaces, which is important for estimating input to collectors. Calibration of pyranometers depends on the inclination angle, so experimental data are needed to interpret the measurements. The effect of heat of the sun is used as recording medium. Two atmospheric processes can significantly affect the incident irradiation: scattering and absorption. mcq of agromateorology 1. chandra shekhar azad university of agriculture & technology kanpur mcq of agrometeorology pawan shakya b.sc (hons.) The solar radiation reaching the earth is highly variable and depends on the state of the atmosphere at a specific locale. The solar constant is currently estimated at 1367 W/m2 [cited from Stine and Harrigan, 1986]. The sun’s rays are focused by a glass sphere to an intense spot which will char a mark on a curved, specially designed card mounted concentrically with the sphere. Due to the lack of moving parts, the Cambell-Stokes recorder was a reliable method to measure and record sunshine duration. $185.49. In 1964 the Campbell-Stokes Sunshine Recorder was adopted by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) as their Interim Reference Sunshine Recorder for use in all … Farmers need to know the weather to plan their work, such as harvesting or drying hay. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sunshine recorder 96c Sunshine recorder 96d for use in latitudes 5° S to 45° N or 5° N to 45° S 25° N to 65° N or 25° S to 65° S Period of recording hours 14 18 Changing of cards daily daily Dimensions (mm)* 205 x 185 x 290 205 x 185 x 290 Weight (kg) 5,2 5,2 *depending from … $395.49. (2) light quality. It is used to measure shining of sun throughout the year; Related posts: Pyranometer Pyrheliometer Sunshine Recorder 1. 2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 1. Start studying geography. 15 sheets measuring 4"×6", 5"×7", or 8"×10". This information is useful in meteorology, science, agriculture, tourism, and … 1. sunshine recorder Instrument designed to record daily duration of sunshine. The other instrument is a Marvin sunshine recorder. Solar Radiation data are measured by 3 devices i.e. Actually, the solar flux density is reduced by about 30% compared to extraterrestrial radiation flux on a sunny day and is reduced by as much as 90% on a cloudy day. Who comes up with these daft questions? is defined as diffuse radiation. The detectors ideally should be independent on the wavelength of the solar spectrum and angle of incidence. The total irradiance (W/m2) measured on a horizontal surface by a pyranometer is expressed as follows: where θ is the zenith angle (i.e., angle between the incident ray and the normal to the horizontal instrument plane. Contact Us, Privacy & Legal Statements | Copyright Information (2) light quality. Free shipping . ... Two clamps secure the glass sphere into the position required to obtain an exact measure of sunshine; this position is based on the coordinates of the meteorological station. We can summarize the types of solar resource data as follows: Before moving on, please work through the following questions to check your background: Can you write down the value of the solar constant? Older recorders required a human observer to interpret the results; recorded results might differ among observers. Determining sunshine duration 130 years ago meant polishing the old crystal ball and scorching holes in strips of card. (4) light spectrum. Instrument Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder (Figure 1) How it works A spherical glass lens burns a trace in a specially-shaped card in sunshine Pros Long-established (developed in 1870s) Standard method for many years, now being superseded by electronic sensors Cons Burn threshold very variable Measurement of burn length very subjective (± 15%) The Campbell Stokes sunshine recorder is a self-recording instrument for the continuance of sunshine. Beckman, W., Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, Chapter 2 (p.43). Due to the lack of moving parts, the Cambell-Stokes recorder was a reliable method to measure and record sunshine duration. If shaded, a pyranometer measures diffuse radiation. This mechanical device is used to measure how many hours of sunshine there are in a day. Some small variation of the solar constant is also possible due to changes in Sun's luminosity. How would you estimate the beam radiation intensity on the earth surface based on the solar constant and transmittance of the atmosphere of 0.5 at a certain location? I have no idea what a sunshine recorder is. The glass globe acts as a lens, focusing sunlight onto a moving strip of recording paper. Something went wrong. 1.Sunshine recorder is mainly used to measure (1) day length. The results provide information about the weather and climate as well as the temperature of a geographical area. This device is powered by a chronograph clock and operates with the help of two tinted light bulbs, and it works by measuring heated air pressure inside the bulbs, which in turn forces mercury within a compressed tube in much the same fashion as a thermometer. On solar Resource data, NREL/TP-550-47465 after Duffie and beckman, 2013 air pressure from and. 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