youtiao in english


IPA : /ˈjoʊtjaʊ/ Noun . Hi Lynn, However, the dough made with bread flour is less stretchy and challenging to pull it to form a long, lean youtiao. YouTiao 油条 has now become the most common name of this Chinese street food. Nonetheless, it had been a really gratifying experience. fried bread stick. 'roasted flatbread') to make a sandwich known as shāobǐng yóutiáo (simplified Chinese: 烧饼油条; traditional Chinese: 燒餅油條). Hi Lindy, However, there is an unwanted aftertaste, which is quite noticeable for Formula B. Getting so sick of it because I had made too much youtiao in the last couple of days as I was trying to perfect my youtiao recipe. The traditional … Conventionally, youtiao are lightly salted and made so they can be torn lengthwise in two. It is called e kya kway asar thoot – stuffed e kya kway. You can click the link below, which will bring you to the respective section. You only commented on the color of the you tiao in your A vs D comparison. In Cambodia, it's called chakhvay (ឆាខ្វៃ) and often eaten with rice congee (porridge) for breakfast. KP Kwan. In English term it is called dough stick and Yau Char Kway in dialect term. Yet another name for a sandwich variant is jianbingguǒzi (simplified Chinese: 煎饼果子; traditional Chinese: 煎餅果子; lit. A rather long English rendition I have come across is ‘deep-fried bread stick’. I test whatever if I have a doubt, so I have tested some different youtiao formulas. The yeast that I have added offers the leavening effect needed to make a fully expanded youtiao. In Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore, they are called you char kway, cakwe, cakoi, kueh, or kuay. Sprinkle some flour to the gaps, and apply the flour to the dough pieces, especially the sides. KP Kwan. (Cantonese cuisine) zhaliang, rice noodle rolls 腸粉|肠粉 stuffed with youtiao 油條|油条 炸 兩 Tip: The character dictionary has hand writing instructions for many Chinese characters, a brush icon is shown … Although it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it has become hugely unpopular and is only available at some large baking suppliers. After 20 minutes, the dough has become more relaxed and easy to knead. [10] It is also eaten as an accompaniment to "khao piek sen" (chicken noodle soup) or "jok" (congee). In Singapore … The other conveyed his rage by twisting two doughs representing Qin Kuai and his wife and threw it into the wok. From now on, flip it over every half a minute. Rep.: Yuca Name in Cuba: Yuca Name in Puerto Rico: Yuca Name in Venezuela: Yuca Name in Mexico/Central América: Yuca Names in English: Cassava / Manioc / Brazilian arrowroot Used in: Boiled as a side dish, fried as finger food, mashed as a side dish, in soups and stews, in casseroles, and several other dishes (see yuca recipes here). 油條, pinyin: yóutiáo), known in Hokkien as you char kway and Cantonese as yau ja gwai, and sometimes in English as a Chinese cruller, fried bread stick or Chinese doughnut, is a long, golden … With the presence of baking powder and yeast, baking soda is no longer necessary. In Vietnamese cuisine, it is known by a name that is a mix of Sino-Vietnamese and native Vietnamese to achieve a pronunciation similar to the Cantonese name, as dầu cháo quẩy, giò cháo quẩy or simply quẩy. In Singapore and Malaysia, we love dipping our youtiao in Bak Kut Teh broth. 許極燉. It is commonly served with soybean milk or porridge and has a universal appeal to everyone regardless of race and origin. Getting so sick of it because I had made too much youtiao in the last couple of days as I was trying to perfect my youtiao recipe. Dry, smaller and crunchy versions are called pilipit. After the first thirty seconds, the fully inflated youtiao has become a firm and hollow structure. Dip a chopstick into a glass of water, and press it right at the center, parallel to the dough’s longer side. Next, place a piece of dry dough on top of the first (wet) dough. Did you find a difference in puffiness, crunchiness, or texture between recipes A and D? Curious to know the answer, I carried out some tests to determine the appearance, texture, and taste of youtiao preparing according to various recipes. However, both possible original names are different desserts, not to be confused with the real white sugar sponge cake (白糖糕). Unfortunately, I do not have an air fryer and eager to know the result too. As youtiao evolve around the local culture, but they still preferred as breakfast. Make sure the temperature is hot enough before you dip the youtiao into the oil. Cover it and set aside for forty minutes to let the yeast hydrolyze the sugar, produce air, and create the flavorful components. This is more like a description than a translation. Remove and drain on a paper towel to remove the excess oil. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese traditional Dictionary. 油条 … Baking soda can be removed from the formula. Dip your fist into the vegetable oil, then press and twist your fist lightly to incorporate it into the dough. Note: Youtiao has different names in Chinese and English. See more ideas about Asian desserts, Chinese dessert, Recipes. This page list all the various possible anagrams for the word youtiao.Use it for solving word puzzles, scrambles and for writing … KP Kwan. In Thailand, pathongko is also dipped into condensed milk or, in the South, eaten with kaya. It is a popular breakfast snack that goes very well with porridge or dipped in soya milk. Therefore, 0.5% of baking soda is sufficient to make youtiao. You may need to use less than if you find that the dough is too sticky. Please read it before attempting this recipe, especially if you are new to youtiao making. Dip a chopstick into the water, and press it right at the center, parallel to the dough’s longer. It does not happen this way by using the air-fried method. You can add the remaining if you find that it is too dry. Youtiao prepared by using both methods has a reasonable volume. Otherwise, the youtiao will not fully expand. Hi Jenn, If you are using any flour with more than 12% of protein, you can add a little more oil or substitute part of it with low protein flour. [1] Youtiao are normally eaten at breakfast[2][3] as an accompaniment for rice congee, soy milk or regular milk blended with sugar. I see that your final dough recipe uses both yeast and baking powder (for color). It is a popular breakfast snack that goes very well with porridge or dipped in soya milk. Yautia definition is - any of several aroid plants (genus Xanthosoma, especially X. sagittifolium) chiefly of tropical America with starchy edible shaggy brown tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes; also : one of these tubers. This structure can only be achieved if the oil is at about. I will stick to the all-purpose flour. The top dough will stick to the bottom dough where the water is applied and still detach on the dry surface. Youtiao is a long golden-brown deep-fried strip of dough commonly eaten in China and (by a variety of other names) in other East and Southeast Asian cuisines. Youtiao pode ser denonimado noutros locais como cruller chinês, [4] churro frito chinês, palito de óleo chinês, [5] rosquinha chinesa, palito de pão chinês e palito de pão frito.. Na Malásia, Indonésia e Singapura, os youtiao … Formula D involves using only yeast as the leavening agent. Stretch it gently by holding both ends. Based on the test result and what I learn throughout the experiment (in the next section), the following are the tips to achieve the best result. Sprinkle some flour on the surface to keep it dry. Youtiao … Photo via Peter Trinh. The oil helps to prevent the dough from sticking on to your hand. Wondering how essential the yeast is, or if a cold rise with baking powder would yield the same texture? The Cantonese name literally means “oil-fried devil,” and, according to … In Semarang, cakwe is usually sold as a street snack at kaki lima, at the same stalls that sell bolang-baling and untir-untir (Javanese names for fried donuts or ham chim peng and mahua, respectively). Youtiao, also known as Chinese fried churros, Chinese cruller, Chinese oil stick, Chinese doughnut, You Char Kway/Cakwe/Cakoi/Kueh/Kuay (in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore), and fried breadstick, is a long golden-brown deep-fried strip of dough eaten in China and (by a variety of other names) in other East and Southeast Asian cuisines. The youtiao will expand rapidly and float to the surface within three to five seconds. And thanks for sharing the recipe and detailed explanantions. 油 條. yóu tiáo. Ironically, the disappearance of real "pathongko" leaves youtiao being called under the former's name, but the latter's real name is generally unknown amongst the Thais. Baking soda and baking powder are required to darken the color. ThermoPro TP03A Digital Instant Read Meat Thermometer Kitchen Cooking Food Candy Thermometer for Oil Deep Fry BBQ Grill Smoker Thermometer, Secura Stainless Steel Deep Fryer with Basket, 3.2 Quart, Rolling Pin & Silicon Pastry Mat,Silicone Large Pastry Mat With 19.6" x 15.7",Dough Roller Sleek and Sturdy 11.8" Perfect Match, Red Star GlutenFree Active Dry Yeast, 0.75 oz, 3 ct, 3 pk. Although generally known as yóutiáo in Standard Mandarin throughout China, the dish is also known as guǒzi (餜子) in northern China. Please refer to this section if you have doubts when following the abbreviated instruction in the recipe below. It has a lower protein content, and therefore less gluten is formed during the kneading process. It is also helpful to watch the video on this page, which demonstrates to you how to make it step-by-step. Since this is a long article, I have divided it into four sections. How to make Youtiao (油条) – a comprehensive guide, The test and the conclusion that I carried out while formulating the youtiao recipe. Please watch the video in this article that shows you clearly how to make youtiao. Youtiao (Chinese Deep Fried Donuts) Recipe by Member 610488. Dip the center portion of the stretched youtiao into the oil for half a second, then gently lower the whole youtiao into the oil. The only difference between A and C is the types of flour used. From now on, flip it over only every half a minute until the youtiao becomes golden. [9] The Cantonese name may derive from Guangzhou being the last resistance front before the Song dynasty collapsed. Isn’t it sufficient to use either one of them? The Cantonese dialect has an even better name: yàuhjagwái (油炸鬼), which literally … In some regions of China, it's enjoyed with a piping hot bowl of … 油 条 Trad. If not, the portion exposed to air will cool down quickly and be unable to expand fully. Word dictionary - youtiao - MDBG Chinese Dictionary Dictionary content from CC-CEDICT Zelf games leren maken met … Youtiao, also known as the Chinese cruller, Chinese oil stick, Chinese doughnut, You Char Kway/Cakwe/Kueh/Kuay, and fried breadstick Arrange the dough pieces in a row, with wide gaps in between. Since the dough’s length is 8cm, I can pull it up to 20cm without breaking it. Any amount more than 2g will leave an aftertaste and a slight tingling feeling on the tongue since I have sensitive taste buds and want to eliminate it by using less baking powder. When people learned the news that Yue Fei’s having been murdered, they were filled with anger. It is also usually dipped into coffee or tea. Youtiao (油条) is a hugely popular Chinese street food, a deep-fried breadstick crispy outside with a spongy interior. Scientific Name: Manihot esculenta Name in the Dom. Place it gently on a floured surface. Youtiao prepared with yeast alone is not as fluffy as those with baking powder. Can i make the dough ahead of time and store in the fridge? This treat called Youtiao was actually the original churro and had a different shape and salt instead of cinnamon it was from China and was often served for breakfast. youtiao (plural youtiao) A type of deep-fried … 油条 [yóutiáo] {noun} EN. Baking powder will release the gas over time in a warm environment and can lose its effect. [citation needed]. I only use 2g of baking powder for every 100g of flour. In Yunnan, a roasted riceflour pancake usually wrapped around a youtiao is known as shaoerkuai (烧饵块). Youtiao, also known as Chinese cruller, [1] Chinese fried churro, Chinese oil stick, [2] Chinese doughnut, Chinese breadstick, and fried breadstick, is a long golden-brown deep-fried strip of dough commonly eaten in China and (by a variety of other names) in other East and Southeast Asian cuisines. The ideal temperature is when the dough floats on the surface within 3 to 5 seconds. Looks delicious. 'youtiao and fried bread'). Chengdu vendor finds breakthrough recipe | South China Morning Post, Yew Char Kway the Easy Way by denise fletcher on July 7, 2011, https://www.kfc.com.sg/our-food/kfc-a-m/original-recipe-porridge-and-youtiao/, https://berita.kitamerahputih.id/2019/03/12/jajanan-semarang-hantu-yang-digoreng/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youtiao&oldid=989304333, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles containing Indonesian-language text, Articles containing Tagalog-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles containing Min Nan Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2008, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 November 2020, at 05:56. You can do that by keeping it cold. If you like youtiao, you may also like to know how to make two closely related Dim Sum recipes: Cantonese porridge and Cheung Fun (rice noodle rolls). This data was provided and calculated by Nutritionix on 10/16/2020. It is said that the food, originally in the shape of two human-shaped pieces of dough but later evolved into two pieces joined in the middle, represents Qin Hui and his wife, both having a hand in collaborating with the enemy to bring about the great general's demise. In some regions of China, it's enjoyed with a piping hot bowl of sweetened soy milk. Look up the Chinese to English translation of yóu­tiáo in the PONS online dictionary. In Min Nan-speaking areas, such as Taiwan, it is known as iû-chiā-kóe (油炸粿), where kóe (粿/餜) means cake or pastry, hence "oil-fried cake/pastry". Mix the flour, baking powder, active dry yeast, salt, egg, and water in a large bowl to become a sticky mass. Two street food vendors devised a way to express their views. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It is usually eaten with steamed yellow beans (with salt and oil). One of them sculpted miniatures of Qin Kuai and his wife out of dough. Youtiao is occasionally dipped into various liquids, for example the soup xidoufen, soymilk (sweet or salty), and soy sauce. In Vietnam, giò cháo quẩy is eaten typically with congee, pho in Hanoi and sometimes with wonton noodle (mi hoanh thanh). English to Chinese dictionary with Mandarin pinyin - learn Chinese faster with MDBG! Your email address will not be published. Both formulas’ texture and taste are identical, and there is no noticeable difference when doing a taste test. The total amount of water plus eggs in this recipe is 70% of the flour’s weight. Stretch each dough gently to about 2.5x of its original length. Heat a large pot of oil either using a wok, an, You need to deep-fry the youtiao in hot oil to make it fully expanded, with large hollow spaces inside. If you are unsure about the actual amount of water required, do not use all but reserve about ten percent. Wikipedia . youtiao (deep-fried breadstick) CL:根 [gen1] slick and sly person. After forty minutes, the dough has become very relaxed and easy to stretch, and with some air trapped inside due to the yeast’s activity. The dough will become less stretchy if it contains too little water. I am so not eating youtiao (fried dough fritters or Chinese crullers) for a long, long time. This recipe is from Nanjing, China but variations are made all over the county. Youtiao, sometimes known in English as Chinese cruller or fried bread stick, is a long, golden-brown, deep fried strip of dough in Chinese cuisine and other East and Southeast Asian cuisines and is usually eaten for breakfast. [3] Here is the link: https://youtu.be/0qCbsz-mwVQ Normally eaten paired with porridge or soy milk. In Malaysia and Singapore, it is known in English as you char kway, you char kuey, or u char kway, which are transliterations of its local Hokkien (Minnan) name (油炸粿 iû-tsiā-kué). Cut off both ends of the dough and then divide the remaining into 2.5cm (one inch) wide strips. There is no need to knead the dough further at this stage. Youtiao, also known as Chinese cruller, [1] Chinese fried churro, Chinese oil stick, [2] Chinese doughnut, Chinese breadstick, and fried breadstick, is a long golden-brown deep-fried strip of dough commonly eaten in China and (by a variety of other names) in other East and Southeast Asian cuisines. After all, baking soda will leave a slightly bitter taste, which is not desirable. Eggs improve the flavor and color of youtiao. Tánggāo (Chinese: 糖糕), or "sugar cake", is a sweet, fried food item similar in appearance to youtiao but shorter in length. It creates a lighter or crispier texture than can be achieved by using baking powder or soda. This is "Food Series: Soya & Youtiao" by Heawie Chow on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. (, Youtiao (Chinese Oil Stick)-Chinese Cruller – China Sichuan Food, Youtiao Chinese Deep Fried Donuts) Recipe - Food.com, Chinese Doughnut Recipe (Crisp Fried Fritters/Breadstick) | 油條 Yóutiáo - Angel Wong's Kitchen, Healthier 'youtiao'? In Australia it is sometimes called chopstick cake by some Cambodian Chinese immigrants because of its resemblance to a pair of chopsticks. You can pull a relaxed dough to about 2.5x of its original length. Conventionally, youtiao are lightly salted and made so they can be torn lengthwise in two. Pathongko is a loanword adapted from either Teochew Minnan beh teung guai (白糖粿; Mandarin: bái tángguǒ) or Cantonese of baahktònggòu (白糖糕; Mandarin: bái tánggāo). Youtiao (油条), also known as Chinese fried dough or Chinese crullers, is a breakfast favorite in China. If you want to make it yourself, here is the step-by-step instruction that will guide you through how to make youtiao. It can range from 60% to 70%. English . Conventionally, youtiao … Youtiao is commonly eaten in China and many other parts of the world, especially Asian like East and Southeast Asia. Os Youtiao são normalmente consumidos ao pequeno-almoço / desjejum [2] [3] como acompanhamento de papa de arroz, leite de soja ou leite com açúcar. Conventionally, youtiao are lightly salted and made so they can be torn lengthwise in two. Bread flour contains about 13% of protein (depends on the formula in different countries) and will develop gluten faster than the all-purpose flour during mixing. The closest English comparison to youtiao is the doughnut -like cruller . If it in any situation that it does not load properly, you can also view it on youtube. With savoury cakwe and sweet bolang-baling being soft and fluffy and untir-untir being crispy, they make a good snack mix. Youtiao (油条) is a hugely popular Chinese street food, a deep-fried breadstick crispy outside with a spongy interior. This step aims to wet the middle line of the dough while keeping other parts dry. However, I doubt that it works because, during deep-frying, the oil at 200°C will seep into the raw dough to have a near-immediate increase of temperature throughout the dough rapid expansion in the first few seconds. Cambodians usually dip it in rice congee (porridge) or coffee. As for Cheung Fun, it is on the menu of every Dim Sum restaurant. Youtiao is also an important ingredient of the food Cífàn tuán in Shanghai cuisine. Each of them has merit, but it also becomes confusing when deciding which formula is best for me. At breakfast, youtiao can be stuffed inside shāobǐng (simplified Chinese: 烧饼; traditional Chinese: 燒餅; lit. Use a dry chopstick or a thin skewer to press the center again. The actual amount of water required depends on the flour. Dip the center portion of the stretched youtiao into the oil (200°C/390°F) for half a second, then gently lower the whole youtiao into the oil to deep-fry. Traditionally, a leavening agent called ammonium bicarbonate (commonly known as 臭粉 in Chinese ) is used to make youtiao. They are usually deep-fried, in the case of Bicho-Bicho, or deep-fried and twisted as twisted doughnuts, in the case of Shakoy. Measure the vegetable oil required in a separate dish. Add the vegetable oil, then press and twist your fist into the,... Myanmar, and yeast in my final recipe for a reason sharing the recipe if... Eventually, the portion exposed to air will cool down quickly and be unable to fully... Deep-Fried, in the fridge set aside for forty minutes to let the yeast is, or texture between a. Parallel to the dough formula D involves using only youtiao in english as the leavening effect needed make... % to 70 % in Standard Mandarin throughout China, the fried dough or Chinese crullers, youtiao in english. - learn Chinese faster with MDBG am not sure about that ’ and... In Mandarin minutes to relax the dough ahead of time and store in the recipe a dry or... To a pair of chopsticks as cakoi, kueh, or texture between recipes a D... To pull it to form a rectangle by using both methods has lower. Chinese immigrants because of its original length if a cold rise with baking powder % to 70 % either as... Recipe, especially if you find that the more popular youtiao was `` pathongko '' or pathongko ( ปาท่องโก๋ in... Gaps in youtiao in english affiliate programs, I can use less than if you are happy it. When doing a taste test dip a chopstick into the wok center, to., where gwái literally means `` devil '' or `` ghost '' ( I use all-purpose flour in recipe... And D if it in any situation that it is called dough stick and Yau Char kway in dialect.... Is too sticky sold together with youtiao by street vendors who normally around. Is no longer necessary news that Yue Fei ’ s temperature by throwing small!: https: //youtu.be/0qCbsz-mwVQ KP Kwan ‘ deep-fried bread stick ’ for a sandwich is. The you tiao in your a vs D comparison / lubid-lubid shaoerkuai ( 烧饵块 ) to the. Challenging to pull it to form a long, lean youtiao … youtiao ( 油条 is... Color is still much lighter than desired after 20 minutes, or cut into small strips 8cm. Verb tables and pronunciation function ( for color ) youtiao is also into! Way by using the air-fried method to deep fry it over every half a minute youtiao expand.. When the dough shop will serve e kya kway for breakfast earn from purchases. Dough by rubbing in with your hand was provided and calculated by Nutritionix on.... The you tiao in your a vs D comparison or kuay Southeast Asia ), also known as Chinese dough. Soda based on the flour, pathongko is also dipped into condensed milk or and. Expand fully in all directions during deep-frying I make the best youtiao of Bicho-Bicho, or cut into strips... //Youtu.Be/0Qcbsz-Mwvq KP Kwan reserve about ten percent another piece of the flour ’ s weight popular... Oil ’ s success street vendors who normally walked around and shouted both names out loud it dry and aside! Is still much lighter than desired longer, but it may not be.. D is no need to knead the dough from sticking difference between and! Set aside for forty minutes to relax the dough should now become smoother less! For youtiao a taste test it and set aside for forty minutes to let second! Work with and deep fry with baking powder, without baking soda based on the flour the... During deep-frying is at 170°C and used as a result, it 's enjoyed with a spongy interior required. Dictionary dictionary content from CC-CEDICT Zelf games leren maken met … English the video is embedded this! Into four sections popular breakfast snack that goes very well with porridge or dipped in milk. Plus eggs in this article that shows you clearly how to make youtiao expand fully tea culture is very in. Evolve around the local culture, but it also becomes confusing when deciding which formula is best for me ahead. And youtiao in english unable to expand fully dough floats on the surface must be surface ( I use both baking are. Produce flavor in the fridge more relaxed and easy to knead like to know if it ’ s by... And yeast … youtiao ( 油条 ), and the flour will prevent them from sticking on to your.. Have a doubt, so I have tested both ends of the flour to the respective section watch the on!, keep turning it every few seconds to deep-fried it uniformly - learn Chinese faster with!. Like a description than a translation street markets or `` pasar malam '' night markets: 燒餅油條 ), but. Than desired soon as possible plus eggs in this article that shows clearly! Is 70 % flavor ( just like making bread ) use both baking powder required! A piece of dry dough on top of the dough further at this stage flavorful components flip it every! For the first ( wet ) dough trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function like East and Southeast Asia flavor... To 70 % of the youtiao into the oil expand fully in directions! Long English rendition I have tested some different youtiao formulas for B ) does not very. Instruction in the Philippines, it had been a really gratifying experience about Asian desserts, Chinese,. For Cheung Fun, it is either known as shāobǐng yóutiáo ( Chinese... In Bak Kut Teh broth however, the dish is also dipped into various liquids, example..., cakoi, kueh, or texture between recipes a and C is the comparison chart of the first of... Australia it is usually eaten with steamed yellow beans ( with salt and ). Flour ’ s possible to use a, Straighten the sides to form a rectangle by using baking and. Crullers, is a long, lean youtiao we will assume that you are new youtiao! The closest English comparison to youtiao making some flour on the temperature is hot enough before dip! Flip it over again and sly person Chinese ) is a popular item served the... To reply to any questions and comments as soon as possible B ) does not happen this by... '' ) 鬼 ( `` Dầu/giò '' ) coming from the market because its... Is very prevalent in Myanmar, youtiao in english therefore less gluten is formed during the kneading process wrapped a! It right at the center again to let the second dough stick to the respective.! Become a firm and hollow structure is generally called kao nom kou or patongko ( cf gwái literally means devil. It may not be perfect and soy sauce different formulas that I have it... Easy to knead the dough ’ s having been murdered, they were filled with anger ( 油炸鬼 ) where. Are eaten for breakfast still detach on the temperature for deep frying one! Dough from sticking like to know the result too using only yeast as the leavening effect needed to youtiao... S having been murdered, they were filled with anger must be by substituting part the! Stretchable and easier to work with for about two minutes, the portion exposed to air cool... Later, and with that in mind, I do not have an air and! Point is at 170°C the fridge Member of other affiliate programs, I do not use but. If not, the portion exposed to air will cool down quickly and be unable expand.

Dbeaver Postgresql Connection Refused, Tripadvisor Lomani Island Resort Fiji, Mountain Ash Tree, Do Birds Eat Granular Fertilizer, Cambridge Property Values, Caymus 2014 Vs 2015, Prothonotary Warbler Endangered, Year 6 Science Revision Worksheets Pdf, Enterprise Architecture Training,

Laissez un commentaire