We all see killing or murdering as the wrongest human deed because we are taught since our childhood that killing anybody including an animal in a wrong act. The NFL and universities, among others, urge no rash actions until there is more concrete proof of a causal link between concussions and adverse health outcomes. 1. Myanmar is a small southeast Asian country that contains about 130 diverse ethnic groups recognized by the government. This yellow to reddish-brown translucent material has been used in a number of ways, including to make jewelry, in Egyptian burials, and in the healing arts. [11] Justin Ehrlich et al., Mortality Risk Factors Among National Football League Players: An Analysis Using Player Career Data, F1000Research 2019, 8:2022. The word Deontology or deontological ethics also comes from Greek, more precisely from the word deontos which means 'duty'. But we dont know the detail behind the situation. [76] Dave Bry, American Football is Too Dangerous, and It Should Be Abolished, The Guardian (UK), Jan. 4, 2016. We have an incomplete understanding of the extent or distribution of pathology required to produce neurological dysfunction or to distinguish diseased from healthy tissue, with the neuropathological changes reported in apparently asymptomatic individuals.”[33], Neuropsychologist Munro Cullum argues: “I worry the pendulum has swung too far. There is a definite contrast between utilitarianism, even Mill’s version, and Kant’s system of ethics, known as deontology, in which duty, obligation, and good will are of the highest importance. Football causes more concussions than any other high school sport. It is sometimes described as "duty-" or "obligation-" or "rule-" based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty." [49] Lisa Bero, Industry Sponsorship and Research Outcome: A Cochrane Review, JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(7): 580-581 (2013). [15] Everett J. Lehman et al., Neurodegenerative Causes of Death Among Retired National Football League Players, Neurology, 79(19): 1970-1974 (2012). [41] Ashwin L. Rao et al., Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic (NCAA) Athletes: a 9-Year Analysis of the NCAA Resolutions Database, Sports Health 7(5): 452-457 (2015). It is sometimes described as "duty" or "obligation" or "rule" -based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty". Why or why not? [35] Munro Cullum, Is Football Bad for the Brain? For example, the government has made it difficult for Christian and Islamic groups to gain permission to repair or build new places of worship. Discuss your reasoning. Players Hit Back, New York Times, Sept. 26, 2017. [84] Ted Tatos, Playing Games with College Athletes’ Lives, The American Prospect, May 20, 2020. [52] Janine Armstrong, NFL Concussion Protocol Explained: How Does It Work?, Sportcasting, Oct. 13, 2019, at https://www.sportscasting.com/nfl-concussion-protocol-explained-how-does-it-work/. Deontology is a school of moral philosophy in which ethical behavior equals following rules. “Deontology” is commonly used in moral philos- ophy to refer to nonconsequentialist moral concep- tions. [47] There is also evidence that the NFL sought to influence the findings of some of the research it funded. They can suffer concussions from milder collisions than would be required to concuss a collegiate or professional player. But it also means disregarding the possible consequences of our actions when determining what is right and what is wrong. [90] J.S. In a study of 14,000 NFL players, researchers found that even head impacts insufficient to cause concussions can mount up over the years, leading to CTE and premature death. A study of 3,904 Wisconsin men found no significant harmful association between playing football in high school and cognitive impairment or depression later in life. In deontological ethics an action is considered morally good because of some characteristic of the action itself, not because the product of the action is good. What it considers is the ideals and values you have followed that have resulted in the best possible action. they should be followed irrespective of consequences (compare consequentialism). [43] Zachary Y. Kerr et al., Concussion Incidence and Trends in 20 High School Sports, Pediatrics 144(5): e20192190. ‘These theories are sometimes called deontological, from the Greek word deon, or duty, in view of the foundational nature of our duty or obligation.’ ‘In the business ethics literature, one finds two dominant approaches to evaluate the ethical nature of one's conduct: teleological ethics and deontological ethics.’ 2.3 Deontology Probably the most complex of all the ethical systems we look at here is Kantian logic, which is a deontological theory. Deontology (or Deontological Ethics) is the branch of ethics in which people define what is morally right or wrong by the actions themselves, rather than referring to the consequences of those actions, or the character of the person who performs them. Actions that obey these rules are ethical, while actions that do not, are not. It paid more than $750 million to settle a civil lawsuit by former players. [73] Dave Bry, American Football is Too Dangerous, and It Should Be Abolished, The Guardian (UK), Jan. 4, 2016. Why or why not? While some researchers and universities feel as though they should refrain from making such amber purchases, their failure to participate enables many private collectors to remove collections from the public or to charge researchers an exorbitant fee for access. Deontology advises not to violate this rule. Deontology deals with intentions and motives. Some of these are high impacts comparable to those experienced in high school and college games. If so, how would you go about guarding against it have a deleterious impact? One suggested solution to the concussion problem is to outlaw helmets on the theory that players will be forced to reduce headfirst collisions and other trauma-causing actions. And How Will It Change in 2019?, ESPN, Aug. 19, 2019, at https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/27372974/did-helmet-rule-actually-work-2018-how-change-2019. Why or why not. [44] Julie Mack, What Parents Need to Know about Football, Concussions and Head Injuries, mlive.com, Nov. 24, 2019, at https://www.mlive.com/news/2019/11/what-parents-need-to-know-about-football-and-head-injuries.html (quoting neuroscientist Julie Stamm). High school athletes are reluctant to report concussions. Part of the reason is that “[m]ost of the time when a player has a concussion, standard medical imaging techniques do not show damage.”[31] No “gold standard” for diagnosing concussions currently exists. 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