Triumph Revisited: Historians Battle for the Vietnam War. North Vietnam left behind in South Vietnam 8,000 to 10,000 covert civilian and military personnel, most of them members of the communist party. Nguyen, Lien-Hang T. Hanoi’s War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam. By that time the communists and South Vietnamese were already engaged in what journalists labeled the “postwar war.” Both sides alleged, more or less accurately, that the other side was continuously violating the terms of the peace agreements. Others argue the United States did not lose the war because all U.S. combat forces had departed South Vietnam by the beginning of 1973, more than two years before the final North Vietnamese victory. The United States supported the South, while China and Russia supported the North. Nearly all of the fighting in the Vietnam War took place in South Vietnam, with some of it in neighboring Cambodia and Laos. In 1975, two years after the last American troops left Vietnam, United States about 2,700,000 men and women from this country fought in the war about 58,000 died. Misalliance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and the Fate of South Vietnam. After World War II Japan withdrew from Vietnam, giving Ho Chi Minh the opportunity to take control. The U.S. never had a strategy to “win” the Vietnam War. In 1965, the United States officially entered the war in response to North Vietnam's attack on a U.S. military ship. In 1949, France tried to set up the state of Vietnam and chose Saigon as the capital. Did the United States win or lose the Vietnam War? By R. Cort Kirkwood Until 1968, most American GIs in Vietnam still rationalized that the war had some good purpose. The Vietnamese civil war began in 1959. : 184 The task of the "stay-behinds" was political activism to ensure a victory for Ho Chi Minh in the national elections called for in 1956 in the Geneva Accords. The truth is that our military won the war, but our politicians lost it. The Vietnam War was a military campaign launched by North Vietnam against South Vietnam. Wiest, Andrew. Vietnam War - Vietnam War - The fall of South Vietnam: On March 29, 1973, the last U.S. military unit left Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. But when they returned to the U.S. after the regular one-year tour of duty, they inclined to turn against the war, in part because they could now think about it without the psychological trauma of admitting they were facing death for no good reason, and in part because by 1968 the antiwar … The Communists in North Vietnam actually signed a peace treaty, effectively surrendering. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. 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