Sima Tan wanted to follow the Annals of Spring and Autumn—the first chronicle in the history of Chinese literature. Sima name meaning in Chinese is In scottish meaning is : Listener, 苏格兰含义是：监听器. info)) (211 – 6 September 265), courtesy name Zishang, was a Chinese military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of … Sima is a Muslim Girl name and has Arabic origin. But in the end he lived to a great old age. [16] The Shiji was further very novel in Chinese historiography by examining historical events outside of the courts, providing a broader history than the traditional court-based histories had done. How unique is the name Simas? Here is a list of ten of the most famous empresses in Chinese history. Appointed grand historian and astrologer following the death of his father, who held the same post, Sima Qian undertook the first-ever universal history of China and its neighbors, titled the “Shiji (Historical Records).” Much like Livy, he began with his civilization’s supposed founder, the legendary Yellow Emp… BizFun Business Chinese Series offers a wide range of Chinese language training courses modules to cater to different proficiency levels and professional requirements. The Shiji comprises 130 chapters consisting of half a million characters. In the postface of the completed Shiji, there is a short essay on the six philosophical schools that is explicitly attributed to Sima Tan. Sima called his castration "the worst of all punishments".[6]. There’s no way to “convert” or “write out” European names in Chinese. [15] Reflecting these rigorous analytic methods, Sima declared that he would not write about periods of history where there was insufficient documentation. If you consider naming your baby Sima we recommend you take note of the special meaning and history of the name as your baby’… For some it is as weighty as Mount Tai; for others it is as insignificant as a goose down. 2: Sima is of Sanskrit origin and it is used mainly in Indian. A form of the name … [5] He then went to seek the burial place of the legendary rulers Yu on Mount Kuaiji and Shun in the Jiuyi Mountains (modern Ningyuan County, Hunan). Sima Name Meaning is In Scottish Meaning Is Listener. The name Sima is of African, Scottish origins, which means it has more than one root, and is used in more than one countries and different languages of the world, especially African countries, English speaking countries among others. After inheriting his father's position as court historian in the imperial court, he was determined to fulfill his father's dying wish of composing and putting together this epic work of history. The meaning of Sima is 'treasure'. Before I talk about how to actually get a Chinese name, here’s a quick note for anyone who’s new to this or doesn’t know too much about it. [10], The early 20th century scholar Wang Guowei stated that there are no reliable records establishing when Sima Qian died. When I have truly completed this work, I shall deposit it in the Famous Mountain. To resolve this theodical problem, Sima argued that while the wicked may succeed and the good may suffer in their own life-times, it is the historian who ensures that in the end good triumphs. The Letter to Ren An contains the quote, "Men have always had but one death. How different it was from the stories one hears! [9][10], The Letter to Ren An was written by Sima Qian in reply to Ren An in response to the latter's involvement in Crown Prince Liu Ju's rebellion in 91 BC. Sima Written In Chinese (Pinyin) 艾丝艾艾马诶 Middle name for Sima? At that time, the astrologer had an important role, responsible for interpreting and predicting the course of government according to the influence of the Sun, Moon, and stars, as well as other astronomical and geological phenomena such as solar eclipses and earthquakes, which depended on revising and upholding an accurate calendar. [16] Sima's history of 130 chapters began with the legendary Yellow Emperor and extended to his own time, and covered not only China, but also neighboring nations like Korea and Vietnam. [21] Sima provides a long dialogue between Zhonghang and an envoy sent by the Emperor Wen of China during which the latter disparages the Xiongnu as "savages" whose customs are barbaric while Zhonghang defends the Xiongnu customs as either justified and/or as morally equal to Chinese customs, at times even morally superior as Zhonghang draws a contrast between the bloody succession struggles in China where family members would murder one another to be Emperor vs. the more orderly succession of the Xiongnu kings. I find myself in much perplexity. It preserves states which are lost and restores the perishing family. [16] The treatises are essays on topics such as astronomy, music, religion, hydraulic engineering and economics. [6] Sima grew up in a Confucian environment, and Sima always regarded his historical work as an act of Confucian filial piety to his father. [15] Sima mentioned after one of his trips across China that: "When I had occasion to pass through Feng and Beiyi I questioned the elderly people who were about the place, visited the old home of Xiao He, Cao Can, Fan Kuai and Xiahou Ying, and learned much about the early days. For what virtue did he deserve this? "From Biographical History to Historical Biography: A Transformation in Chinese Historical Writings" pages 1–30 from, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 09:07. Sima instead had divided the Shiji into five divisions: the basic annals which comprised the first 12 chapters, the chronological tables which comprised the next 10 chapters, treatises on particular subjects which make up 8 chapters, accounts of the ruling families which take up 30 chapters, and biographies of various eminent people which are the last 70 chapters. Hoorah! [16] Before Chinese historians had tended to use only reign histories as their sources. [15] As such, Sima wrote "the ages before the Ch'in dynasty are too far away and the material on them too scanty to permit a detailed account of them here". However, in 99 BC, he would fall victim to the Li Ling affair for speaking out in defense of the general, who was blamed for an unsuccessful campaign against the Xiongnu. Their policies laid great stress upon stratagems and shifts of power. ... His influence was derived primarily from the following elements of his writing: his skillful depiction of historical characters using details of their speech, conversations, and actions; his innovative use of informal, humorous, and varied language; and the simplicity and conciseness of his style. In addition to these namesake categories, there are chapters falling under the categories of biao (表) or 'tables', containing graphical chronologies of royalty and nobility; shu (書) or 'treatises', consisting of essays giving a historical perspective on various topics like music, ritual, or economics; and shijia (世家) or 'house chronicles', documenting important events in the histories of the ruling houses of each of the quasi-independent states that were originally vassals to the Zhou dynasty kings, together with accounts of contemporary aristocratic houses established during the Han dynasty. Sima's works were influential to Chinese writing, serving as ideal models for various types of prose within the neo-classical ("renaissance" 复古) movement of the Tang-Song period. [15] When Sima encountered a story that could not be cross-checked with the Confucian classics, he systemically compared the information with other documents. [23] The favorable picture of the traitor Zhonghang who went over to the Xiongnu who bests the Emperor's loyal envoy in an ethnographic argument about what is the morally superior nation appears to be Sima's way of attacking the entire Chinese court system where the Emperor preferred the lies told by his sycophantic advisors over the truth told by his honest advisors as inherently corrupt and depraved. How many people with the first name Sima have been born in the United States? [24] The point is reinforced by the fact that Sima has Zhonghang speak the language of an idealized Confucian official whereas the Emperor's envoy's language is dismissed as "mere twittering and chatter". The most Simas families were found in the USA in 1920. For instance, was Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty which ended Cao Wei, related to Sima Qian who wrote the Shiji during the Western Han period? Sima's famous letter to his friend Ren An about his sufferings during the Li Ling Affair and his perseverance in writing Shiji is today regarded as a highly admired example of literary prose style, studied widely in China even today. [15] In the same way, Sima discounted accounts in the traditional records that were "ridiculous" such as the pretense that Prince Tan could via the use of magic make the clouds rain grain and horses grow horns. It is only those who were masterful and sure, the truly extraordinary men, who are still remembered. [16] The chronological tables are graphs recounting the political history of China. Sima Qian ([sɨ́mà tɕʰjɛ́n]; traditional Chinese: 司馬遷; simplified Chinese: 司马迁; pinyin: Sīmǎ Qiān; c. 145 – c. 86 BC) was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 220). [19], Sima also broke new ground by using more sources like interviewing witnesses, visiting places where historical occurrences had happened, and examining documents from different regions and/or times. [16] Unlike traditional Chinese historians, Sima went beyond the androcentric, nobility-focused histories by dealing with the lives of women and men such as poets, bureaucrats, merchants, comedians/jesters, assassins, and philosophers. In all, the Records consist of 12 Basic Annals, 10 Tables, 8 Treatises, 30 House Chronicles, and 70 Ordered Biographies. In 105 BC, Sima was among the scholars chosen to reform the calendar. [20] Likewise, the chapter on Xiang presents him in a favorable light whereas the chapter on Gaozu portrays him in more darker colors. "[16] Reflecting the traditional Chinese reverence for age, Sima stated that he preferred to interview the elderly as he believed that they were the most likely to supply him with correct and truthful information about had happened in the past. "grand scribe" or "grand astrologer"). [6] By his account, by the age of ten Sima was able to "read the old writings" and was considered to be a promising scholar. How do you pronounce that? If even the lowest slave and scullion maid can bear to commit suicide, why should not one like myself be able to do what has to be done? Suspecting his time was running out, he summoned his son back home to take over the historical work he had begun. In 96 BC, on his release from prison, Sima chose to live on as a palace eunuch to complete his histories, rather than commit suicide as was expected of a gentleman-scholar who had been disgraced by being castrated. Changsha Kingdom (modern Hunan Province), where he visited the Miluo River site where the Warring States era poet Qu Yuan was traditionally said to have drowned himself. He has 135 points to start with, unlike the 15 that generic characters normally have. It is an occupation name, literally meaning "control" "horses", and corresponds exactly to the English surname, whose etymology is from the ish ''mare'' + ''skalkoz''. [1] However, archaeological discoveries in recent decades have confirmed aspects of the Shiji, and suggested that even if the sections of the Shiji dealing with the ancient past are not totally true, at least Sima wrote down what he believed to be true. In 1880 there were 13 Sima families living in Minnesota. Is this so-called 'Way of Heaven' right or wrong?"[13]. Since Sima did not have enough money to atone his "crime", he chose the latter and was then thrown into prison, where he endured three years. A Qing dynasty stele 重修太史廟記 (Records of the Renovation of the Temple of the Grand Historian) erected in the nearby county seat Han City (韓城) claims that the title was given to the grandson of Sima Lin. [20] Sima analyzed the records and sorted out those that could serve the purpose of Shiji. Because in the latter case he was writing about his own times, he did not express his judgements frankly, but used subtle and guarded language. The most Sima families were found in the USA in 1920. Sima was the only person to defend Li Ling, who had never been his friend but whom he respected. The lucky number of Sima name is 3 and also find similar names. Surname 2 a variety of documents belonging to different religions and dynasty. Unlike most single- Chinese family names, it is one of the rare. Upon his release from prison in 97/96 BC, Sima Qian continued to serve in the Han court as zhongshuling (中書令), a court archivist position reserved for eunuchs with considerable status and with higher pay than his previous position of historian. [20] Likewise, Confucius is included in the fourth section rather the fifth where he properly belonged as a way of showing his eminent virtue. You are a unique individual. While little is recorded of his sons, his daughter later married Yang Chang (楊敞), and had sons Yang Zhong (楊忠) and Yang Yun (楊惲). As part of the background, the postface provides a short sketch of the history of the Sima clan, from legendary times to his father Sima Tan, the dying words of Sima Tan tearfully exhorting the author to compose the present work, and a biographical sketch of the author himself. He was acutely aware of the importance of his work to posterity and its relationship to his own personal suffering. The work that became Records of the Grand Historian was begun by Sima Tan, the Grand Astrologer (Taishi 太史) of the Han dynasty court during the late 2nd century BC. As such, the historian had to tread carefully and often expressed his judgements in a circuitous way designed to fool the censor. 1: Sima has its origins in the Aramaic language and it is used largely in Hebrew. Minnesota had the highest population of Sima families in 1880. Too numerous to record are the men of ancient times who were rich and noble and whose names have yet vanished away. The Sima family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1841 and 1920. Like if I encounter the name Liu, should I assume they were descendents of the Han bloodline. The name Sima is ranked on the 4,025th position of the most used names. He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his Records of the Grand Historian, a general history of China in the Jizhuanti style (紀傳體) covering more than two thousand years beginning from the rise of the legendary Yellow Emperor and the formation of the first Chinese polity to the reigning sovereign of Sima Qian's time, Emperor Wu of Han. [12], Although the style and form of Chinese historical writings varied through the ages, the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) has defined the quality and style from then onwards. I have examined the deeds and events of the past and investigated the principles behind their success and failure, their rise and decay [...] in one hundred and thirty chapters. Sima Qian is known to have completed the Records before his death in c. 86 BC, with one copy residing in the imperial capital of Chang'an (modern Xi'an) and the other copy probably being stored in … That year, his father fell ill due to the distress of not being invited to attend the Imperial Feng Sacrifice. How much should I be reading into these names? Although he is universally remembered for the Records, surviving works indicate that he was also a gifted poet and prose writer, and he was instrumental in the creation of the Taichu calendar, which was officially promulgated in 104 BC. [5] He started his journey from the imperial capital, Chang'an (near modern Xi'an), then went south across the Yangtze River to Find Sima multiple name meanings and name pronunciation in English, Arabic and Urdu. In his reply, Sima Qian stated that he is a mutilated man with no influence at court. [16] During one of this trips, Sima mentioned that he was overcome with emotion when he saw the carriage of Confucius together with his clothes and various other personal items that had belonged to Confucius. The name Sima has four characters. I have gathered up and brought together the old traditions of the world which were scattered and lost. The first thing you should know if you are considering Sima for your baby's name is that in most countries all over the world the name Sima is a girl name. From such an effort and determination in writing quality work to be used in coming generations, Sima is considered the founder of Chinese history and one of the chief authors of Chinese Historical Tradition. He described his pain thus: "When you see the jailer you abjectly touch the ground with your forehead. Sima Qian, Wade-Giles romanization Ssu-ma Ch’ien, (born c. 145 bce, Longmen, Xiayang [now Hancheng, Shaanxi province], China—died c. 87 bce), astronomer, calendar expert, and the first great Chinese historian.He is most noted for his authorship of the Shiji (“Historical Records”), which is considered to be the most important history of China down to the end of the 2nd century. [16] The last section dealing with biographies covers individuals judged by Sima to have made a major impact on the course of history, regardless of whether they were of noble or humble birth and whether they were born in the central states, the periphery, or barbarian lands. His work extends over 130 chapters—not in historical sequence, but divided into particular subjects, including annals, chronicles, and treatises—on music, ceremonies, calendars, religion, economics, and extended biographies. --- At the beginning of the Shiji, Sima declared himself a follower of Confucius's approach in the Analects to "hear much but leave to one side that which is doubtful, and speak with due caution concerning the remainder". [27] Sima is little known in the English-speaking world as a full translation of the Shiji in English has not yet been completed. He intended to discover the patterns and principles of the development of human history. According to local legend, Sima Qian had two sons, the older named Sima Lin (司馬临) and younger named Sima Guan (司馬觀), who fled the capital to Xu Village (徐村) in what is now Shaanxi province during the Li Ling affair, for fear of falling victim to familial extermination. Given the choice of being executed or castrated, he chose the latter in order to finish his historical work. We estimate that there are at least 81200 persons in the world having this name which is around 0.002% of the population. Sima Nan (Chinese: 司马南; born 22 June 1956), real name Yu Li (Chinese: 于力), is a Chinese television pundit, social commentator, and journalist.In the early 21st century, he is well known for his staunch support of Chinese Communist Party stances and nationalistic, anti-American sentiments. Sima himself in the conclusion to chapter 110 of the Shiji declared that he was writing in this tradition where he stated: "When Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, he was very open in treating the reigns of Yin and Huan, the early dukes of Lu; but when he came to the later period of Dukes Ding and Ai, his writing was much more covert. [20] Empress Lü and Xiang Yu were the effective rulers of China during reigns Hui of the Han and Yi of Chu, respectively, so Sima placed both their lives in the basic annals. Moreover, it has also been pointed out that Sima Qian would have been reluctant to render substantive aid to Ren An, given the severe consequences that he suffered for supporting General Li Ling, as well as Ren An's failure to act on his behalf during the Li Ling affair. [16] Lastly, Sima broke with the traditional chronological structure of Chinese history. After his death in 110 BC, it was continued and completed by his son and successor Sima Qian, who is generally credited as the work's author. [5][7] He then went north to Huaiyin (modern Huai'an, Jiangsu Province) to see the grave of Han dynasty general Han Xin, then continued north to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, where he studied ritual and other traditional subjects.[5]. [1] For an example, Sima tells the story of a Chinese eunuch named Zhonghang Yue who become an advisor to the Xiongnu kings. The Chinese historical form of dynasty history, or jizhuanti history of dynasties, was codified in the second dynastic history by Ban Gu's Book of Han, but historians regard Sima's work as their model, which stands as the "official format" of the history of China. Find out the meaning and the origin of the name, Sima on SheKnows.com. The minor planet "12620 Simaqian" is named in his honour. Compared to his younger brother, his aristocra… Empress Lv Zhi 吕雉 (241 BC – 180 BC). Such ignominy can never be wiped away." [1] As Sima Qian himself explained in his Letter to Ren An: 且夫臧獲婢妾猶能引決，況若僕之不得已乎！所以隱忍苟活，函糞土之中而不辭者，恨私心有所不盡，鄙沒世而文采不表於後也。古者富貴而名摩滅，不可勝記，唯俶儻非常之人稱焉。 The work also covers people of the lower classes and is therefore considered a "veritable record" of the darker side of the dynasty. But before I had finished my rough manuscript, I met with this calamity. Fun Facts about the name Sima. Sima saw the Shiji as being in the same tradition as he explained in his introduction to chapter 61 of the Shiji where he wrote: "Some people say 'It is Heaven's way, without distinction of persons, to keep the good perpetually supplied. ' Sima: Baby Name Popularity PER MILLION BIRTHS In … Sima (surname) Sima is a Chinese family name. Sima Qian ([sɨ́mà tɕʰjɛ́n]; traditional Chinese: 司馬遷; simplified Chinese: 司马迁; pinyin: Sīmǎ Qiān; c. 145 – c. 86 BC) was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 220). As a senior imperial official, Sima was also in the position to offer counsel to the emperor on general affairs of state. Fueled by his father's inspiration, Sima Qian spent much of the subsequent decade authoring and compiling the Records of the Grand Historian, completing it before 91 BC, probably around 94 BC. How connected were the Chinese clan names. 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