Such birds being heterozygous for the inhibitor factor, should be whites showing some coloured "ticks.". What are synonyms for HETEROZYGOUS? The aim of this volume is to make computer programs for analyzing human genetic data more easily accessible to the beginner.Statistical Human Genetics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides updated and new chapters detailing ... Dictionary Menu. The Punnett square is a table or checkboard grid that is used to determine all possible genotypes from a particular cross. Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek zygotos "yoked," from zygon "yoke") (/ z aɪ ˈ ɡ ɒ s ɪ t i /) is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence. Authored by 60 internationally recognized researchers, the book describes the normal development of the ear, updates the classification and epidemiology of hearing loss, and surveys the usage of audiometric tests and diagnostic medical ... There can be many alleles in a population, but a heterozygous individual can only have two of . There is also compound heterozygous, which is when you have one mutant allele on both the 677 and 1298 base position. The definition of homozygous is when a cell has two identical copies of a gene. . Individuals with alleles of the same type are known as homozygous individuals. There exists repulsion between the factors G and F in a zygote which is heterozygous for them both. Let's discuss them more in detail. Monohybrid Cross Definition "A monohybrid cross is the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait." This was known as the monohybrid cross. If the mutation is associated with a recessive disease such as hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the individual is called a carrier. A strength of Concepts of Biology is that instructors can customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. MTHFR tells our body how to create an enzyme involved in breaking down the amino acid homocysteine. Heterozygous Definition A heterozygous individual is a diploid organism with two alleles, each of a different type. Homozygous definition. In particular, it is the goal of these series of experiments to help determine the role, mechanism, and extent by which loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events are involved in C.albicans' adaptive capabilities when exposed to a variety of ... Copyright © 2011. Definition of heterozygous adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. David Bowie: “Heterozygous.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heterozygous. Other name: Homozygotes: Heterozygotes: Genotype representation: It is represented as AA for homozygous dominant and aa for homozygous . Heterozygous adjective. This new edition of the definitive reference, edited by the established world renowned authorities on the science, diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders in childhood is a timely and needed resource for all clinicians and ... Individuals who are heterozygous for C282Y may have mild symptoms of hemochromatosis such as lethargy, joint pain, and weakness but are unlikely to develop the disease. Having different allelic genes at one locus or (by extension) many loci; heterotic. Having different alleles at a given locus on the pair of chromosomes present in the diploid state; for example, having a normal beta globin gene (coding for normal hemoglobin, Hb A) at locus p15.5 on one chromosome 11 and an abnormal gene (coding for sickle-cell hemoglobin, Hb S) at the same locus on the other chromosome 11. • Heterozygous: The horse carries ONE copy of a gene and will have a 50% chance of passing it to its . You don't need a special word gene to understand how these two terms influence our inherited traits. Note how hetero=different and zygous means referring to a zygote or it's characteristics. This major reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource for students, educators, researchers, and professionals. A dictionary of more than 150 genetics-related terms written for healthcare professionals. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? The key difference between homozygous and heterozygous is that homozygous means both alleles are similar for a trait while heterozygous means the two alleles are different for a trait.. But we may observe a single allele deletion where the original two alleles were identical. heterozygous: 1 adj having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci " heterozygous for eye color" Antonyms: homozygous having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci In the image above, a monohybrid cross is performed between plants that are heterozygous for round seed shape. An allele is a variation of a gene that affects the functionality of the protein produced by the gene. On the other hand, a heterozygous horned animal is also polled but can influence its progeny to be either polled or horned. The hypothalamic G-protein-coupled-receptor melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a key player in the central circuit regulating energy expenditure and appetite. Found inside – Page 87A more up - to - date definition of a heterozygote might perhaps be ... If , as the author assumes , " hybrid ” means the same as " heterozygous , " then we ... Learn a new word every day. What is the definition of HETEROZYGOUS? In this case, this would not be a heterozygous deletion, but rather it would be a hemizygous deletion which implies there is only copy remaining but makes no . However, most newborns are either homozygous or heterozygous. A mutation affecting only one allele is called heterozygous. The genotype determines the hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual from embryonic formation through adulthood. Whether the cat is heterozygous or homozygous for W, the blue eyes and deafness have incomplete penetrance. Heterozygous definition is - having the two alleles at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes different for one or more loci. Send us feedback. heterozygous definition: 1. having two different forms of a gene (= part of a cell containing DNA information) that controls…. gous (het'ĕr-ō-zī'gŭs), Having different alleles at a given locus on the pair of chromosomes present in the diploid state; for example, having a normal beta globin gene (coding for normal hemoglobin, Hb A) at locus p15.5 on one chromosome 11 and an abnormal gene (coding for sickle-cell hemoglobin, Hb S) at the same locus on the other . Like all words with the prefix hetero, heterozygous has to do with things that are different — specifically genes. The specific case of heterozygote advantage due to a single locus is known as overdominance. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! In other words, it is the degree of similarity of the alleles in an organism.. How do you use HETEROZYGOUS in a sentence? The first known use of heterozygote was in 1902. There can only be: 1. The number of different alleles that exist for a gene, the specific alleles that an individual inherits and how the alleles . What is the meaning of HETEROZYGOUS? Heterozygous is a genetic situation in which a person inherits distinct alleles of the same gene from both parents. A homozygous genotype can have more significant health implications compared to the milder heterozygous genotype. Found inside – Page 151Heterozygous individuals have been defined as those who show levels of A, ... A major difficulty is the lack of a precise definition of heterozygosity. About one-fourth will be homozygous dominant for round seed shape (RR), half will be heterozygous for round seed shape (Rr), and one-fourth will have the homozygous recessive wrinkled seed . Found inside – Page 230Heterozygous means the cell contains variations in the pair of genes for a ... The old and accepted definition of inbreeding is the mating of animals that ... Examples: The gene for seed shape in pea plants exists in two forms, one form or allele for round seed shape (R) and the other for wrinkled seed shape (r). Diseases like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria are associated with homozygous genotypes. Learn more about alleles in this article. The genotype definition is a set of genes in DNA which determines the unique traits possessed by a living organism while the phenotype is the physical appearance of an organism. This is the textbook only without LaunchPad. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first of these drugs, alirocumab (Praluent), for use by patients who have a hereditary form of high cholesterol, Traditionally, ADO is defined as the random amplification failure of 1 of the 2, Subjects without the IL-6 SNP-174G/C gene polymorphism (46.8%) and those with, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, alpha1-Antitrypsin and alpha1-Antitrypsin Phenotyping, Fanconi anaemia in black South African patients heterozygous for the FANCG c.637-643delTACCGCC founder mutation, A Novel Mutation Ser34Phe in GNRHR causes Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism during Pubertal Development in Boys, A study of haemoglobinopathies and haemoglobin variants using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a teaching hospital of Odisha, Novel Genetic Findings in a Chinese Family with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome, Protein C Deficiency Caused by a Novel Mutation in the PROC Gene in an Infant with Delayed Onset Purpura Fulminans, Three Novel Mutations in the NPHS1 Gene in Vietnamese Patients with Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome, New Market Report: Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016, Haemoglobin sickle D disease: A presentation with ischaemic stroke, Bone mineral density in Egyptian children with familial Mediterranean fever, New drug approved for treatment of some patients with high LDL, Embryo genome profiling by single-cell sequencing for preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a [beta]-thalassemia family, Clinical relevance of IL-6 gene polymorphism in severely injured patients. Allele, any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome. See more words from the same year Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. There are of course other exceptional possibilities and even heterozygous or homozygous genes have variations. Of an organism which has two different alleles of a given gene. Most eukaryotes have two matching sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid. While individual organisms bearing different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous. Found inside – Page 425Tolson, 216 Innocence Project, 239–240 Intergenic space, definition, 12, ... 183–187 Heterozygote balance, analysis, 156–161 Heterozygous, definition, 4, ... This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. It is the core reason for showing parental characteristics in the progeny. Found inside – Page 395... 351-4 by ABO incompatibility, 352-4 residual effects, 354-5 Henshaw (He) antigen, 81-3 Heterozygous, definition, 5 Homogeneity tests, 374-6 Homozygous, ... The new Sixth Edition features two new coauthors, expanded coverage of immunology and development, and new media tools for students and instructors. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Heterozygosity is observed in a diploid organism where a gene contains two different alleles . Found inside – Page 409... 96 standards , 149 Heterozygous , defined , 66 , 69 Gullet , 40 Histidine , 199 , 248 Holidays and demand for poultry , 361 Jewish , 363 H Homozygous ... Affected men and women who are untreated have a 30% to 50% . Animals and many plants, get one copy of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. Delivered to your inbox! One may also ask, what is homozygous example? Homozygous Dominant Having two identical alleles (AA), both of which are dominant 1. Commonly, this interaction is based on . Heterozygous FH is characterized by very high LDL cholesterol (above 190 for adults or above 160 for children) and a family . Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. If both gene alleles are different, the organism is heterozygous for that . Can also be used to refer to a heterozygote. Overdominance is a condition in genetics where the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside of the phenotypical range of . The book should serve as a resource for professionals in all fields regarding diagnosis, management, and counseling of patients with FXTAS and their families, as well as presenting the molecular basis for disease that may lead to the ... Found inside – Page 5This is because, in genetics, locus means more than just position. ... by definition, a polymorphic locus), genotypes can be heterozygous (not the same ... H63D Heterozygote . Punnett Square Definition. However, when both alleles of a gene harbor mutations, but the mutations are different, these mutations are called compound heterozygous. Also called a genetic compound. genotype. Found inside – Page 271Clear differences were seen between HTC defining the specificities Dw13, ... Panel Studies The results of typing a selected panel of heterozygous responder ... We'll explain how to tell them apart. Carriers are typically unaffected, that is, they show no symptoms of the disease. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition This would indicate that the frog belongs to those animals in which the male is heterozygous for sex. A homozygous mutation is the presence of the identical mutation on both alleles of a specific gene. Heterozygote definition is - a heterozygous individual. For example, assume gene of hair colour has two alleles, one of the allele codes for brown (R) and the . This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students. Having different alleles at a given locus on the pair of chromosomes present in the diploid state. Compound Heterozygous. Includes an enhanced drug appendix in the back of the book. This term is a lie. Found inside – Page 1549... 1312 Heterozygous, definition of, 1337 Heterozygous β-thalassemia, 588-589, 589f HFE gene, hereditary hemochromatosis and, 978-979 High cholesterol in ... Heterozygous Definition. Genotype Definition. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. Found inside – Page 415See Heart and Estrogen/Progesterone Replacement Study Heterozygous, definition of, 328t–331t High-risk approach, 6–7 Hill, Austin Bradford, 279 Hippocrates, ... Development of an accurate and efficient molecular-based equine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I typing method is necessary to advance the study of T lymphocyte immune responses to intracellular pathogens. We report a retrospective studies on 38 patients issued from our medical department, all heterozygous for the factor II mutation and a literature review. Found inside – Page 126It is by no means obvious that mutation is not the cause of this variation ... H. This is the fraction of individuals in a sample which are heterozygous ... Individuals who are heterozygous for C282Y may have mild symptoms of hemochromatosis such as lethargy, joint pain, and weakness but are unlikely to develop the disease. Definition: Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a single trait. The term heterozygous implies that the original two alleles of a genomic locus were different. Examples of Heterozygous in a sentence. However, when both alleles of a gene harbor mutations, but the mutations are different, these mutations are called compound heterozygous. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Incomplete dominance: One of the heterozygous alleles does not completely mask the other. A heterozygous mutation means one copy of the mutation, homozygous means two copies. Heterozygous Having hybrid allele. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common yet underdiagnosed autosomal dominant disorder that affects ≈1 in 220 individuals globally. Individuals carrying two identical alleles (RR or rr) are known as homozygous. Definition of heterozygous adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Heterozygous Definition Biology: An individual if consists of two distinct alleles of the particular genotype.Pair of genes, called alleles, and each allele is located in the locus (specific position) on a chromosome.If the two alleles are different from each other at a locus, they are said to heterozygous. Homozygous and heterozygous are terms that are used to describe allele pairs. This is the second edition of a practical reference textbook on PIDs that has been widely welcomed by scientists and clinicians from around the world. Being heterozygous for two factors they will produce four kinds of gametes in equal numbers, viz. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. What made you want to look up heterozygous? Heterozygous adjective. Found inside – Page 24Two restriction enzymes , Avall and Pst . , are selected for the definition of six homo- and heterozygous combinations among three DRB1 - DR1 alleles ( DRB1 ... See more. to seize by or as if by authority; appropriate summarily, Dictionary.com Unabridged If you inherit the FH gene from one parent you will have heterozygous FH, meaning you have one FH gene and one normal gene. Heterozygotes synonyms, Heterozygotes pronunciation, Heterozygotes translation, English dictionary definition of Heterozygotes. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary These two terms are Heterozygous and Homozygous. Now, let's see what phenotypes are generated by mating of wild-type individuals with mutants carrying either a dominant or a recessive mutation.As shown in Figure 8-3a, half the gametes from an individual heterozygous for a dominant mutation in a particular gene will have the wild-type allele, and half will have the mutant allele.Since fertilization of female gametes by male gametes occurs . Having a difference in the loci, (location of the genes on a chromosome,) of one or more chromosomes. Given the overwhelming success of the first edition, which appeared in 2001, and fast development in the different fields of cancer research, it has been decided to publish a second fully revised and expanded edition. MTHFR is a gene. The word heterozygous is used to describe a person who inherited two different alleles for a particular trait. (of an organism) having different alleles for any one gene. Many genes have two or more differing forms (such as eye color or hair texture) which are called alleles. having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. The heterozygous genotype (Rr) has the dominant round seed shape as its recessive allele (r) is masked in the phenotype. Two different genes controlling a specified inherited trait. If an organism has two copies of the same allele, for example AA or aa, it is homozygous for that trait. If the two alleles at a locus are identical to each other, they are homozygous; if they are different from one another, they are heterozygous. Genes are the way that traits are passed from generation to generation. What is the definition of HETEROZYGOUS? Now, by different forms we generally mean that there are different portions of the gene where the sequence is different. The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook - winner of a 2013 Highly Commended BMA Medical Book Award for Internal Medicine - has been an essential resource in the hematology, transfusion and immunogenetics fields since its first publication in the ... Diseases like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria are associated with homozygous genotypes. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heterozygous. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. The disease may be expressed mildly or not at all. It is is one that has two different forms of the same gene, one corresponding to the mother and the other inherited from the father. Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning considers the scientific and medical sides of this issue, plus ethical issues that pertain to human-subjects research. Heterozygous definition, having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic. Cutaneous pharmacologic cAMP induction induces melanization of the skin and improves recovery from ultraviolet injury in melanocortin 1 receptor-intact or, Using a dataset of the genomes of more than 400 deceased people, the researchers looked for instances of, Post the Definition of heterozygous to Facebook, Share the Definition of heterozygous on Twitter, “In Vino Veritas” and Other Latin Phrases to Live By, A Thoughtful Guide to Words About Nonsense. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, an individual's genotype comprises the entire complex of genes inherited from In a more narrow sense, the term can . Punnett square is a simple square divided into four quadrants which consist of all the possible genotypes of haploid male and female gametes. When a person inherits two different alleles for a trait they are said to be heterozygous for the trait (with . Mutations in the ATM gene are responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) (MIM 208900). Instead, a different phenotype is seen that is a combination of the phenotypes of the two alleles. 2 Examples of Heterozygous Traits. To undertake molecular testing to identify the second FA-causing mutation in patients who were, In our study, a homozygous mutation c.1139_1141dupGC G(p.Gly380_Ala381insGly) and a, Yilmazet al., "Severe protein S deficiency associated with, * The report provides a snapshot of the global therapeutic landscape of. Found insideWholly revised and up-to-date, this volume thoroughly addresses medical genetics and genomics as applied to metabolic disorders, with emphasis on understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying these disorders, diagnostic approaches, and ... A heterozygote advantage describes the case in which the heterozygous genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive genotype. What is a Homozygous polled or horned bull? If you were heterozygous for that mutated recessive allele, the normal dominant allele would take over. As "heterozygous" has many meanings, I assume that you mean a chimera, and individual resulting from the fusion of two zygotes. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. having two genes that are different, with one being recessive and one being dominant. This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. This resource was developed to support the comprehensive, evidence-based, peer-reviewed PDQ cancer genetics information summaries. In our example, a heterozygote would have one version of the gene beginning "A C TGCT" and also another version of the gene beginning "A T TGCT." A homozygous mutation is the presence of the identical mutation on both alleles of a specific gene. Homozygous Recessive Having two identical alleles (aa), both of which are recessive 1. An allele is a variation of a gene that affects the functionality of the protein produced by the gene.. heterozygous pertaining to two different alleles at a specific locus in a diploid organism Individuals with alleles of the same type are known as homozygous individuals. A mutation affecting only one allele is called heterozygous. More from Merriam-Webster on heterozygous, Britannica English: Translation of heterozygous for Arabic Speakers. Found inside – Page 70mined ; in other words , individuals must be double heterozygotes in order to be informative ... would qualify as a polymorphic locus by that definition . How do you use HETEROZYGOUS in a sentence? Heterozygous; Meaning/definition: A condition wherein an individual has the same alleles of a gene from both parents. Hemizygous adjective. “Trebuchet” vs. “Catapult”: Is The Difference A Toss-Up? A heterozygous plant would contain the following alleles for seed shape: (Rr). What is the meaning of HETEROZYGOUS? Dictionary . Summary: In genetics, hetero- and homo- refers to the two alleles (letters) on the gene. Sounds insightful? Time Traveler for heterozygote. Heterozygous loss-of-function MC4R mutations are the most common known genetic cause of monogenic human obesity, with more than 200 mutations described to date, affecting 2-3% of the population in various cohorts tested. Read Also: Chromosome- Structure, Types and Functions Heterozygous Definition Heterozygous is a genetic condition where an individual inherits different alleles of a gene from the two parents. Found inside – Page 526... 323 definition of , 492 Heterologous , 94 definition of , 492 Heterozygous , definition of , 492 Heterozygous blood groups , 104 Hirst test definition ... © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Found inside – Page 2723.1 Definition of the Minimum Recombination Graph Intuitively, ... A vertex ist is regular if sites s and t are contiguous heterozygous sites in individual ... Approximately 0.5%-1% of the general population has been estimated to be heterozygous for a germline mutation in the ATM gene. See more. H63D Heterozygote . Heterozygous vs Homozygous FH. homozygous: ( hō'mō-zī'gŭs ), Having identical alleles at one or more loci. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). Like the word "hetero", it means to do with things which are different, especially . All rights reserved. heterozygous. This determines how their traits are expressed. Relating to a cell that has two different alleles at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes. Heterozygous example. The predicted inheritance pattern of the offspring results in a 1:2:1 ratio of the genotype. Heterozygous just means that a person has two different versions of the gene (one inherited from one parent, and the other from the other parent). Read Also: Chromosome- Structure, Types and Functions Heterozygous Definition Heterozygous is a genetic condition where an individual inherits different alleles of a gene from the two parents. Found inside – Page 166In this study we will always refer to the actual heterozygosity , defined as the fraction of loci in the breeding population that are heterozygous . having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci; In a heterozygous genotype, the two different alleles interact with each other. Heterozygous & Homozygous There are two terms in equine genetics you will need to know to understand how color modifiers, dilutions and white patterns affect the horse's appearance, and the color probability of the foals it may produce. Codominant traits are said to have incomplete penetrance . Definition of Heterozygous. A heterozygous individual is a diploid organism with two alleles, each of a different type. The genotype of an organism is the chemical composition of its DNA, which gives rise to the phenotype, or observable traits of an organism.A genotype consists of all the nucleic acids present in a DNA molecule that code for a particular trait. Found inside – Page 68... definition , 64 Heparin , definition , 64 Heredity , definition , 644 Heterogeneous reactor , definition , 64 Heterozygous , definition , 65 Histology ... This resource was developed to support the comprehensive, evidence-based, peer-reviewed PDQ cancer genetics information summaries. Heterozygous Definition. Prove that nothing is amiss with your vocabulary skills by taking this quiz on popular eighth grade vocabulary. In a diploid organism, heterozygozygosity occurs when a gene includes two distinct alleles at the same gene locus. Having different alleles at one or more corresponding chromosomal loci. Heterozygous. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes. Found inside – Page 401... Y-chromosome short tandem repeats 152 hepatitis B virus (HBV) 252,255 heteroplasmy, mitochondrial DNA 247 heterozygosity, definition 31 heterozygote ... “Homozygous” vs. “Heterozygous”: The Difference Is In The Genes. Genotype, the genetic constitution of an organism. The outward appearance, or phenotype, is the result of interactions of proteins being created by the DNA. A dictionary of more than 150 genetics-related terms written for healthcare professionals. What are synonyms for HETEROZYGOUS? heterozygous adj adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." (genetics: with different alleles) heterocigota adj adjetivo : Describe el sustantivo. For example, the C677T mutation in MTHFR reduces enzyme function by 75% and 35% in homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, respectively. The genes inherited from the parental chromosomes control all the characters or traits of animals, plants, and all other living beings. Also called a genetic compound. When we identify a part of the sequence that varies, we call it a "variant." These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'heterozygous.' [1] [2] [3] As is true for any gene, the DNA code of the MTHFR gene can vary. Found inside – Page 277Thus, this switch distance is well defined for the cases we are interested in. ... consecutive heterozygous markers, i.e., as a switch sequence: Definition ...

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