bean yellow mosaic virus, BYMV. Kaiser (1973) found that pods of faba beans, infected with BYMV, occasionally developed necrotic ring spotting and discolored seeds. The quantitative nature of the phenotype suggested that seed transmission would be difficult to include as a resistance trait in a conventional breeding programme. A new isolate of Bean yellow mosaic virus of group-IV associated with leaf mosaic and flower color breaking symptoms of gladiolus has been characterized based on virus transmission, symptomatology, presence of flexuous rod-shaped particles of 720 nm × 11 nm, Western blot-immunoassay using BYMV antiserum and sequence analysis . Materials and Methods Isolation and identification of the isolated virus The relatively broad resistance to PSbMV isolates in Nib transgenic peas contrasts with the extreme pathotype specificity seen for the natural sbm-resistance genes where only one or a few changes in the virus avirulence determinant is enough change a PSbMV isolate from avirulent to virulent [6]. Sequence known from: Agropyron mosaic virus, Algerian watermelon mosaic virus, Apium virus Y, Banana bract mosaic virus, Barley mild mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, Bean common mosaic virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Beet mosaic virus, Bidens mottle virus, Blackberry virus Y, Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, Brome streak mosaic virus, Brugmansia suaveolens mottle virus, Canna yellow streak virus, Cassava brown streak virus, Chilli veinal mottle virus, Clover yellow vein virus, Cocksfoot streak virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, Daphne mosaic virus, Dasheen mosaic virus, Freesia mosaic virus, Fritillary virus Y, Hordeum mosaic virus, Japanese yam mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic virus, Konjac mosaic virus, Leek yellow stripe virus, Lettuce mosaic virus, Lily mottle virus, Lupine mosaic virus, Maize dwarf mosaic virus, Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus, Narcissus degeneration virus, Narcissus yellow stripe virus, Oat necrotic mottle virus, Onion yellow dwarf virus, Panax virus Y, Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic potyvirus, Papaya ringspot virus, Passion fruit woodiness virus, Peace lily mosaic virus, Peanut mottle virus, Peanut stripe virus, Pea seed-borne mosaic virus, Pennisetum mosaic virus, Pepper mottle virus, Pepper veinal mottle virus, Peru tomato mosaic virus, Plum pox virus, Potato virus A, Potato virus V, Potato virus Y, Ryegrass mosaic virus, Scallion mosaic virus, Shallot yellow stripe virus, Sorghum mosaic virus, Soybean mosaic virus, Squash vein yellowing virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet potato mild mottle virus, Sweet potato virus C, Telosma mosaic virus, Thunberg fritillary virus, Tobacco etch virus, Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus, Tobacco vein mottling virus, Triticum mosaic virus, Turnip mosaic virus, Verbena virus Y, Watermelon mosaic virus, Wheat eqlid mosaic virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus, Wheat yellow mosaic virus, Wild potato mosaic virus, Wild tomato mosaic virus, Wisteria vein mosaic virus, Yam mosaic virus, Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Measures to control BYMV include manipulation of sowing date (Abu Salih et al., 1973), spraying with mineral oils (Proeseler et al., 1976), soil mulching with reflective polyethylene sheets (Tachibana, 1981), and ensuring that crops are not grown in the vicinity of known overwintering disease sources. endobj Transgenic N. benthamiana expressing antisense RNA to capsid protein gene of PDV showed either resistance or a recovery form of resistance (Raquel et al., 2008). So far, ten polymorphic cDNAs have been identified. 333 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 The number of fields infected with BYMV can vary greatly among locations. The seminal text Plant Virology is now in its fifth edition. It has been 10 years since the publication of the fourth edition, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. Alternatively, we have demonstrated the potential for creating resistance through the application of transgenic technology although the issues of biosafety and public acceptability will need to be addressed. The virus is vectored by several aphid species (at least 20) in a non-persistent manner; aphids acquire but lose the ability to transmit the virus within minutes of feeding. Lesemann, D.-E. and Koenig, R. (1985). %���� Integrated Pest Management Bean yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. This study aims to isolate of the most common faba bean virus found in collected samples and to evaluate the induced systemic resistance activities of some medicinal plant extracts against Bean yellow mosaic virus. Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) Capraria yellow spot Yucatan virus (CarYSYV) Chino del tomate virus (CdTV) Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus (MCLCuV) Okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus (OYMMV) Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) Serotype A became known as bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), while serotype B retains the name BCMV. FABA bean crops throughout the northern growing region, particularly in north west New South Wales, are bearing the brunt of a bean yellow mosaic virus outbreak that has produced unusually high levels of damage, and in some instances totally wiped out plants. The transgenic pea plants represent the first legumes displaying PDR against potyviruses and some of the first experimental examples in the Leguminosae of plants showing PTGS. Antibody or DNA tests are often needed to differentiate between these two viruses. Some transgenic tobacco lines expressing antisense RNA to the Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) capsid protein gene showed a reduction in local lesions after infection by TNV (Hackland et al., 2000). 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 334 260 334 584 750 In addition to beans, it can also infect other important legume crops such as peanuts, soybeans, broad beans. 667 667 667 667 667 667 1000 722 667 667 667 667 278 278 278 278 Experiments were done to determine the effect of some factors on the level of transmission of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) by aphids. It was valuable, therefore, to establish that the principles governing PTGS and resistance in this system supported those characterised with more commonly used experimental plants (e.g. In regions where seed-borne infection is a problem, it is clearly advisable to use virus-free seeds as much as possible. As part of a previous EC-AIR project (# CT94-1171) involving academic and industrial partners in Denmark, France and the UK, we have also explored the potential for developing PDR to PSbMV in transgenic peas. It was found to be a member of the potyvirus group and of the bean yellow mosaic virus subgroup, but was not a strain of bean yellow mosaic virus or of any of the other described members of the subgroup. For example, CMV spreads readily in chickpea fields despite the fact that chickpea is highly resistant to aphids (Jones & Coutts, 1996; Jones et al., 2008). Donato Gallitelli, ... Giovanni P. Martelli, in Advances in Virus Research, 2012. Antisense RNA of a segment of the Bean yellow mosaic virus genome corresponding to the 3′ end of the capsid protein coding sequences, the 3′-NTR and part of the polyA tract was expressed in transgenic N. benthamiana and showed varying degrees of resistance including partial protection (most lines), recovery from infection, and complete resistance to infection and virus accumulation; however, none of the lines were resistant to infection by Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) or Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (Hammond & Kamo, 1995). /Height 265 In L. angustifolius, two types of BYMV strains are distinguished, necrotic and non-necrotic, both of which cause. These workers showed that dsRNAs containing aphid sequence-specific sequences expressed in transgenic A. thaliana were processed into short-interfering RNAs, taken up during feeding by Myzus persicae and inhibited expression of a gut-specific and a salivary-gland-specific transcript. >> The bean is an extremely popular plant and it is currently being used throughout the world as a nutritious food. duction of ornamental plants. Did you mean: bean yellow mosaic virus cp (94 items) 1. Distribution in the Mediterranean countries. 1993), both of which are necessary for plant infectivity. For our component in the EC-Biotechnology project we have opted to use genetic approaches to identify the sbm-1 resistance gene product. 002 Biological and medical sciences / 002A Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Silver nanoparticles synthesis mediated by new isolates of Bacillus spp., nanoparticle characterization and their activity against Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and human pathogens Essam K. F. Elbeshehy, Ahmed M. Elazzazy, George Aggelis Usually, the leaves are not distorted and puckered like those affected by soybean mosaic but some strains of BYMV produce severe mottling and crinkling of leaves. A similar construct expressed in transgenic gladiolus showed resistance in some lines, which broke down the following season (Kamo et al., 2005). Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), also called bean virus 2 in older literature, includes pea mosaic virus strains, which some authors treat separately. Although this organisation is suggestive of local gene conversion and translocation between chromosomes 2 and 6, other evidence suggests that the two gene clusters may have distinct origin and function. Section 18 Exemptions Caused by Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) which is a common mosaic disease of faba bean caused by potyvirus group. Pod symptoms appear at a light green mottle and may be malformed. Early studies revealed diluted mineral oil to be an effective, nontoxic spray method effective against transmission by aphids of TuMV, Beet yellows virus, BCMV, and BYMV in the form of diluted mineral oil, which inhibited aphid transmission of these viruses (Walkey & Dance, 1979). Geographic distribution and host range. 9 0 obj Yellow mosaic virus (MYV) is a serious disease of pulse crops including mungbean, blackgram, frenchbean, pigeonpea and soybean. Despite the short period of initial infection, the transgenic pea plants showed good growth and seed set after challenge inoculation to give yields under glasshouse conditions equivalent to those seen for uninfected transgenic or non-transgenic lines. Two strong candidate cDNAs and eight other cDNAs encoding interactor proteins have been identified from a pea cDNA library made from a susceptible pea line. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) causes a serious yield limiting disease in all domesticated lupin species. Bean yellow mosaic is caused by Bean yellow mosaic virus, and is found in most bean producing regions of the world. /Subtype /Image The yellow mosaic disease in India is caused by mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV; Moringa et al. Transgenic expression of antisense RNA to the AMV capsid protein gene in tobacco showed resistance to infection by AMV to a few plants in three out if six transgenic lines (Jayasena et al., 1997), while the same construct expressed in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) did not yield resistance to infection by AMV, although infection was delayed with lower virus accumulation (Jayasena et al., 2001). Insect Fact Sheets As in BCMV, BYMV will have contrasting yellow or green mosaic markings on the foliage of the infected plant. Yellow mosaic diseases are one of the most important viral diseases in mungbean caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) which lead to severe yield reduction and Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus Bean golden yellow mosaic (BGYMV), a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted gemnivirus, is a serious bean disease in Central America, the Caribbean and southern Florida (Blair et al., 1995; Gálvez and Morales, 1989). PLANT DIS. The virus was initially recorded from globe artichoke in Apulia (Russo and Rana, 1978), then in Greece (Rana and Kyriakopoulou, 1980). From these comparisons, several functional mechanisms for sbm-1 seem possible. Crop Prot. The fully systemic and intense yellowing induced by BGMV and BGYMV in most susceptible common bean genotypes is very characteristic of the diseases induced by these viruses. Toggle navigation 750 nm long, containing ca. A high incidence, up to 100%, has been reported in some regions of Egypt, Iraq, and Sudan with relatively warm winters (Makkouk et al., 2012). ] endobj Third, sbm-1 could be a dominant but dose-dependent weak resistance allele. It is an important source of proteins, vitamins (A, B6, C and K), calcium, magnesium, folic acid, iron, phosphorus, zinc and potassium. Andrew Maule, in Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding, 2000. Masarapu Hema, ... Dodla V.R. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, it is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. 11 . The virus persists in crop and wild host plants including sweet clover, crimson clover, red clover, and gladioli. 2004; 23:1119-1124. BDMV) or phloem-limited (e.g. This virus is also discussed under the virus diseases affecting bean. /Length 46378 The virus is vectored by several aphid species (at least 20) in a non-persistent manner; aphids acquire but lose the ability to transmit the virus within minutes of feeding. >> The virus over winters in alternate hosts. Based on their level of resistance, the beans could be divided into four groups, (i) accessions with a high level of resistance to most BYMV isolates; (ii) accessions containing previously known sources of . Our alternative strategy is to ‘fish’ for the sbm-1 gene product by using the yeast two-hybrid system with the PSbMV VPg as the bait protein. Genes sbm-1, sbm-3, and sbm-4, conferring resistance to PSbMV pathotypes PI, L-l and P4, respectively, are located on chromosome 6, while sbm-2 also conferring resistance to pathotype L-l is located on chromosome 2 [5]. This distinction in specificity requirements for triggering and targeting in PTGS will be an important consideration for the application of the technology to commercial crops. The first signs are multi-colored spots on the plants' leaves, which follows by yellow leaves to brown leaves. In Egypt, resistance in faba bean to BYMV infection was analyzed through diallel mating scheme including reciprocals of six faba bean genotypes with varied resistance and susceptibility to BYMV infection. 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 556 Of the various viral diseases inflicting legume crops, Mungbean Yellow Mosaic disease is one of the most destructive and widely distributed. Consider that a seed transmission efficiency of only 0.1% would result in 10,000 infections after sowing seeds at 107/hectare, and the importance of seed transmission becomes apparent. We also showed that PTGS was mediated in these plants by a systemic signal generated during the initial phase of virus infection, and that this signal had the potential to mediate the spread of PTGS by inducing methylation in the transcribed region of the NIb transgene [14]. Three out of four R2-generation lines of the transgenic N. benthamiana showed complete resistance while the fourth line showed 30–60% resistance, but the transgenic tobacco plants showed a lower level of complete resistance, with only one of five lines showing complete resistance (Yepes et al., 1996). Chemical controls for Bean yellow mosaic are not available or necessary. In our studies, we have examined one EU crop, Pisum sativum (pea). This disease is found worldwide. Adjustment to sowing dates, spraying with mineral oils, soil mulching with reflective polythene sheets, and ensuring that faba bean crops were not grown in the vicinity of known over wintering virus sources were recommended for reducing BYMV incidence (Mahdy, Fawzy, Hafez, Mohamed, & Shahwan, 2007). FABA bean crops throughout the northern growing region, particularly in north west New South Wales, are bearing the brunt of a bean yellow mosaic virus outbreak that has produced unusually high levels of damage, and in some instances totally wiped out plants. Name Language; bean top necrosis: English: bean virus 2: English: bean yellow mosaic: English: gladiolus mosaic: English: pea mosaic: English: red clover necrosis . 1993). Several bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) strains, presumably not transmissible by aphids, were studied to determine the biological and environmental conditions which would possibly result in aphid transmission of these strains. : Agropyron mosaic virus, Algerian watermelon mosaic virus, Apium virus Y, Banana bract mosaic virus, Barley mild mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus, Bean common mosaic virus, Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) was first reported from the US in 1917, and the associated disease initially known as bean mosaic; it was renamed bean common mosaic in 1934 to differentiate it from bean yellow mosaic, caused by, Cuozzo et al., 1988; Rezaian et al., 1988, Kawchuk et al., 1991; Palucha et al., 1998, Highlights in European Plant Biotechnology Research and Technology Transfer, Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding. Antisense RNA to the capsid protein gene of Rice stripe virus (RSV) expressed in transgenic rice provided 0–63% resistance to disease in different lines to infection by RSV, and all but one line of plants showing resistance to disease had virus levels similar to the nontransformed plants (Park et al., 2012). Races of common bean mosaic virus from El Salvador and Nicaragua. School IPM, Author: Howard F. Schwartz, David H. Gent, Gary D. Franc and Robert M. Harveson. 5% of ssRNA 9532 nt in size (Acc. This volume of Advances in Virus Research focuses on mycoviruses. The authors and reviews represent the most current and cutting-edge research in the field. A broad range of research is presented from research experts. In India, the virus causes more severe yellow mosaic disease in black gram than in mung bean (Honda and Ikegami, 1986); however, in Thailand, the disease is common in mung bean but is seldom observed in black gram under natural conditions (Honda et al., 1983). Many bean varieties are resistant to common mosaic virus; resistant varieties may show slight symptoms, and then outgrow the problem.

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